1/12/2024 0 Comments Anaconda plan simple definition![]() Sectional disagreements over the morality of slavery, the scope of democracy and the economic merits of free labor vs. ![]() Well-founded Southern fears of losing control of the Federal government to antislavery forces, and northern fears that the slave power already controlled the government, brought the crisis to a head in the late 1850s. Both North and South assumed that if slavery could not expand it would wither and die. Much of the political battle in the 1850s focused on the expansion of slavery into the newly created territories. Lincoln did not propose federal laws making slavery unlawful where it already existed, but he had, in his 1858 House Divided Speech, envisioned it as being set on "the course of ultimate extinction". Secession was caused by the coexistence of a slave-owning South and an increasingly anti-slavery North. The main results of the war were the restoration and strengthening of the Union, and the end of slavery in the United States. The causes of the war, the reasons for its outcome, and even the name of the war itself are subjects of lingering controversy even today. The war produced about 970,000 casualties (3% of the population), including approximately 620,000 soldier deaths-two-thirds by disease. The full restoration of the Union was the work of a highly contentious postwar era known as Reconstruction. In 1865, the Confederacy collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House and the slaves were freed. Sherman's March to the Sea destroyed a hundred-mile-wide swath of Georgia. Meanwhile, William Tecumseh Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia. Lee won most of the battles in a tactical sense but on the whole lost strategically, as he could not replace his casualties and was forced to retreat into trenches around his capital, Richmond, Virginia. Grant fought a number of bloody battles with Lee in Virginia in the summer of 1864. Grant seized control of the Mississippi River by capturing Vicksburg, Mississippi in July 1863, thus splitting the Confederacy.īy 1864, long-term Union advantages in geography, manpower, industry, finance, political organization and transportation were overwhelming the Confederacy. In the West, the Union Navy captured the port of New Orleans in 1862, and Ulysses S. ![]() Lee's invasion of the North was repulsed at the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania in July 1863 he barely managed to escape back to Virginia. In the East, Robert Edward Lee rolled up a series of Confederate victories over the Army of the Potomac, but his best general, Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. War Democrats reluctantly accepted emancipation as part of total war needed to save the Union. In addition, the goal also allowed the Union to recruit African-Americans for reinforcements, a resource that the Confederacy did not dare exploit until it was too late. Emancipation ensured that Britain and France would not intervene to help the Confederacy. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made the freeing of the slaves a war goal, despite opposition from northern Copperheads who tolerated secession and slavery. Fighting commenced on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a Federal military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.ĭuring the first year, the Union asserted control of the border states and established a naval blockade as both sides raised large armies. ![]() The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of slavery and rejected any right of secession. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a war between the United States Federal government (the " Union") and eleven Southern slave states that declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, led by President Jefferson Davis. Union blockade – Eastern – Western – Lower Seaboard – Trans-Mississippi – Pacific Coast ![]() Union victory Reconstruction slavery abolishedĬonfederate States of America (Confederacy) Principally in the Southern United States (clockwise from upper right) Confederate prisoners at Gettysburg Battle of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Rosecrans at Stones River, Tennessee Related subjects: Pre 1900 Military "The Civil War" is the most common term in the United States of America for this conflict. ![]()
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